Calculating machine



Ja n. 8, 1935. H.. T. AVERY 1,986,875

CALCULAT ING MACHINE 4 Filed July l5, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY .i

Jan. 8, 1935. H. T. AVERY CALCULATING MACHIN Filed July l5, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 L//7 l/ZA II E E IN VEN TOR. Haro/a 7:/4 Very A TTORNEY Jan. 8, 1935. H. T. AVERY 1,986,875

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed July 15, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheec- .'5

FlE- E- ATTORNEY Jan. 8, 1935. H T AVERY 1,986,875

CALCULATIlNGV MACHINE ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE l Application July 15, 1931, Serial No. 550,856

11 Claims.

The present invention relates to calculating machines and particularly to tens carrying mechanism therefor. The tens carrying mechanism is of the type in which an actuator operates the numeral wheels successively in ascending orders,

and is especially designed for the type of calculating machine in which the numeral wheels and the diierential actuators therefor are relatively displaceable with respect to each other.

The invention is shown as embodied in a calculating machine of the type disclosed in the patent to Friden, No. 1,643,710, dated September 27th, 1927, to which reference is hereby made for a disclosure of a complete calculating machine including such lmechanisms as are not specifically described herein. Although the accompanying drawings show the invention embodied in a machine of the general type disclosed in the patent referred to above, it is manifest that the invention may be embodied in any calculating machine having a tens carrying mechanism in which an actuator operates the numeral wheels successively in ascending orders.

It is an object of the invention to provide a tens carrying mechanism which is operative to perform a complete carrying operation in all orders of the registering mechanism. Y

Another' object of the invention is*y to provide a tens carrying mechanism which is operative to perform a complete carrying operation in all orders of the registering mechanism to the left of those receiving registration during the digitation operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a tens carrying mechanism which is operative to perform a complete carrying operation in all orders of the displaceable registering mechanism to the left of those receiving registration during the digitation operation, regardless of the displaced position of said registering mechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide a tens carrying mechanism which is operable during an extra cyclic movement of the actuator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a tens carrying mechanism in which the actuator therefor is provided with overlapping spirals of transfer teeth.

Another object of the invention is to provide a clutch which, when it is released, will allow an extra cyclic movement of the actuator.

Another object .of the invention is to provide a clutching mechanism which, upon a control being exerted to terminate an operation, will be conditioned to disengage when passing through full cycle position and will be disengaged after an extra cyclic movement of the actuator.

Other objects of the invention will appear as the description progresses.

The invention possesses a plurality of advanta- 5 geous features, some of which will be set forth at length in the following description, where that form of the invention which has been selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the present specification 10 will be described in full. In said drawings one form of apparatus embodying the invention has been shown, but it is to be understood that the invention has not been limited to such form, since the invention, as set forth in the claims, may be embodied in a plurality of other forms.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing the clutch and clutch controlling mechanism in their normal position, the drive therefrom to the actuator, and the accumulator mechanism.

Figure 2 is a detail view of the clutch assembly with the various parts thereof in normal declutched position.

Figure 3 is a phantom view of the clutch housing showing the means mounted thereon for latching the clutch in engaged position.

Figure 4 is a similar view of the mechanism shown in Figure 2, showing the parts in the position they assume immediately after an operation control key is depressed.

Figure 5 is a view showing the parts shown in Figures 2 and 4 at the time the clutch arrives at full cycle position after the depressed control key is released.

Figure 6 is a detail view of the clutch mechanism showing the parts shown in Figures 2, 4, and 5 in the position which they assume near the end of the extra cyclic movement while the clutch is still engaged.

Figure 'I is a detail section showing the parts in the same position as they are shown in Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a similar view to Figures 2, 4, 5, and '1, showing the parts in the positions they assume after the clutch is released and the end of the extra cyclic movement of the actuator and the clutch is reached.

`Figure 9 is a rear elevation of the machine with the casing broken away showing all the mechanism in normal position.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic development of the actuator for the transfer mechanism, showing the arrangement of the transfer teeth and the cams for restoring the transfer levers.

Diferential mechanism The calculating machine shown in the accompanying drawings is of the keyboard type in which the values selected are introduced in the actuator by the depression of keys, as fully disclosed in the patent to Friden referred to above. The values introduced into the rotatable actuator are transmitted on rotation thereof to the numeral wheels ofthe accumulator register which, for the purpose of making direct action of the selected values on the numeral wheels of highest Value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation with the value selecting mechanism axis. Suitable means are provided for zeroizing the accumulating wheels mounted in the shiftable accumulating register, and for shifting said register, all as fully disclosed in the above referred to patent.

Drive control The motor (not shown) is adapted. to drive the shaft through suitable speed reducing gearing meshing with the gear 100A (Figure 9), said shaft 100 being the driving shaft of the clutch assembly. The driven member of the clutch assembly is the clutch housing 112 which drives the actuator 300 through suitable reversing gears 131, 132, gears 105, 106, and 107, as fully disclosed in the patent to Friden'No. 1,682,901, .dated September 4th, 1928. 'Ihe selection of the direction of drive is controlled by means of a link 143 (Figure 9), the forked end of which engages a collar on the stub shaft carrying the reversing pin which cooperates with the gears 131 and 132, the said link being suitably controlled from the plus and minus keys as fully disclosed in the aforementioned patent to Friden, No. 1,643,710.

The clutchycontrol link 121 (Figure 1) is thrust rearwardly upon depression of any operation initiating key such as the plus and minus keys disclosed in the patent to Friden No. 1,643,710. The clutch release link 121 is provided with a notch 'at its rearward end which engages a pin 119 on the clutch release lever 115. Rearward movement of the link 121 serves to rock lever 115 in a clockwise direction against the tension of a spring 118 suitably secured to said lever and the base plate, said spring being adapted to hold said lever in its normal position against a lateral extension of an arm 176C depending from a guide member 176, to be later described.

The lever 115 is loosely mounted on the stub shaft 116 and carries on its rearward arm a pin 115A which normally engages a notch 117A in the clutch release dog 117, as shown in Figures l and 2. The clutch release dog 117 is pivoted at to a depending arm 171 of a ring 172 loosely mounted on the shaft 100, and normally held in the position'shown in Figures 1 and 2 by a spring 173 secured to an ear on the ring, and an arm 174 (Figure 9) which extends to the left from the intermediate frame. The arm 171 is oset later-` ally from the ring 172 and is formed with two sections 171A, 171B of diering radial distances from the axis of rotation thereof for a purpose to b e later described.

1t will be recalled that: upon the depression of an operation initiating-keyrthe link 121 is thrust v rearwardly, and rocks the lever115 in a clockwise direction around its pivot point 170 to dsengage the nose thereof from the tail of a pawl 113 pivotally secured within clutch housing 112. As shown in Figure 2, the tail of the pawl 113 is adapted to project through an opening in the clutch housing 112 and serves as an interponent between said housing and the nose of the dog 117 which seats in said opening and. holds the clutch housing against rotation. As the clutch release dog 117 is moved from engagement with the tail of the pawl v113, a compression spring 11i held between the nose of said pawl and the clutch housing (Figures 2 and 4) forces the nose of said pawl into engagement with the ratchet wheel 111 which is secured to the driving shaft 100 of the clutch (Figure a). l

Means are provided whereby the clutch is latched in engaged position until positively released upon an extra cyclic movement of the actuator. A pawl 175 (Figures 2, 3, and 4) is pivoted to the outside of the clutch housing at 112A, and is provided at its other end with a lateral extension 175A which extends through a notch 112B in the clutch housing 112. The pawl 175 is constantly urged to rock in a counter-clockwise direction by a. compression spring 175B (Figure 3) and is provided with a cam surface 175C (Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7), the purpose of which will be later described.

As seen in Figure 2, the lateral extension 175A engages the nose of the pawl 113 when the clutch is disengaged. Whensaid nose is moved inwardly into engagement with the ratchet wheel 111 under the inuence of compression spring 114, the lateral extension 175A is forced into a notch 113A in the nose of the pawl 113, latching the same in engagement with the ratchet wheel 111 (Figure Means are provided for conditioning mechanism as the clutch passes through full cycle position after release of a control key to disengage the clutch during an extra cyclic movement of said clutch and said actuator. Upon release of a control key, the clutch release lever 115 is rocked under the influence of the spring 118 in a counter-clockwise direction, and carries therewith the clutch release dog 117, positioning it as shown in Figure 5, where it is engaged by the tail of the pawl 113 just before the clutch housing 112 reaches full cycle position. The clutch release dog 117 is then carried with the clutch housing and the pawl 113 as the said pawl is 'still latohed in engaged position by the lateral extension 175A of the pawl 175. Secured to the clutch release dog 117 is a flanged stud 117B (Figures 1 and 6) which is adapted to engage a guideway 176 secured to the intermediate frame oi the machine during the. extra cyclic movement. The counteryclockwise rotation of ,the clutch release dog 117 'arm 177 is spring pressedl in a `(':lockwise direction by a compression spring 177B which is suitably* securedfbetween said arm *and* the top of the guideway 176. The arm 177 is provided at its` rearward edge with a laterally extending lug' 177C which normally lies out of the path of the and 6).

It will be recalled that th arm 171 on which the clutch release dog 117 is mounted is formed with two sections 171A, 171B of differing radial distances from the axis of rotation thereof. As the dog 117 and arm 171 are moved by the clutch during its extra cyclic movement the upper section 171A of'said arm is positioned to theleft of the lug-177C, and, upon further movement of said arm, the section 171B being a shorter distance from the axis of rotation thereof than the section 171A becomes effective to cam said lug 'to the right, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, into the path of the cam surface 175C on the pawl 175. Further rotation of the clutch housing and pawl 175 results in a depression of said pawl by said lug and a disengagement of the nose 175A from the notch 113A in the pawl 113, such position being shown in Figure 7. This position is reached just prior -to the end of the extra cyclic movement of said clutch and said actuator.

As the pawl 113 is no longer latched in engagement with the ratchet wheel 111, it is free to be rocked by the pressure of the nose 117 against the tail of said pawl, thereby disengaging the clutch (Figure 8).

Means are provided for stopping the actuator at the end of the extra cyclic movement and returning the same to full cycle position. As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the guideway 176 is arcuate in form and is provided at the upper end thereof with a rise 176B. It will be noted that the stud 117B as shown in Figure 6, that is, just at the time of the disengagement of the clutch, is positioned just at the beginning of said rise. Further clockwise vmovement of said stud over the rise results in a wedging of the dog 117 between the clutch housing and the guideway and a stopping of the clutch and the actuator, whereupon the tension of the spring 173 is free to become effective to return the same to full cycle position.

Means are provided for preventing retrograde movement of the clutch housing from full cycle position, said means comprising a pawl 178 which is adapted to engage anotch 112C in the clutch housing when said clutch is in full cycle position (Figures 1 and 3). The notch 112C is so formed that the clutch can rotate in its normal clockwise direction, but any retrograde movement in a counter-clockwise direction is prevented by the engagement of the nose of the pawl 178, with said notch under the influence of the spring 179. When the clutch housing is out of full cycle position, the pawl 178 rides on the periphery thereof, as shown in Figures 5 to 7.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that upon depression of any control key the clutch is engaged and is locked in engagement so long as the control key is depressed. When the control key is released and the clutch next passes through full cycle position, mechanism is conditioned to determine the unlatching and the disengagement of the clutch near the end of the 'extra cyclic movement, and immediately thereafter a stopping 'of the actuator and the clutch and an ensuing return to full cycle position, inwhich position it is held against retrograde movement by pawl 178, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 7 shows the position of the parts near the end of thisl extra cyclic movement of the clutch, but while the clutch is still engaged. As seen in Figure 8, it has reached the end of such movement, and pawl 113 is actually disengaged from ratchet 111, such disengagement being effected by the release of latch 175 at the stage illustrated in Figure 7, followed by the movement of roller 117B along the cam portion 176B (Figure 6) of the member 176, forcing the free end of member 117 into the clutch housing aperture.

Tens carrying mechanism As has been previously stated, the tens carrying mechanism which is in part the subject of this invention, is of the type in which an actuator operates the numeral Wheels successively in ascending orders. 'Thus when a numeral wheel passes from 9 to 0 or 0 to 9, certain mechanism is tripped which is actuated by an independent actuator to' enter a 1" in the next higher numeral wheel. Such mechanisms are well known, but the capacity of machines employing these mechanisms has been limited because of the necessary stagger between successive orders of the transfer actuating teeth. Such stagger is necessary to take care of a transfer or carryover which has been tripped because of a transfer to the lower order numeral wheel, it being necessary to allow sufficient time for the next higher order numeral wheel to trip a transfer to the third higher order before the actuator for that order becomes effective. As the operation of digitationoccupies a certain portion of the cycle, 360 degrees of rotation, the number of degrees of the periphery of the actuator drumwhich could be devoted to transfer teeth has been limited, and so the number of orders in which a transfer may be made has also been limited.

By the mechanism described above, the actuator is allowed to overrun, and the number of degrees of this extra cyclic movement is utilized to transfer through additional orders by crossing over the positive and negative spirals of transfer teeth.

As shownv in Figure l, when the numeral wheel 401 passes from 0 to 9, or from 9 to 0, the lug 426 secured thereto cams the transfer lever 425 in a clockwise direction, positioning the cam'surfaces 407 in the path of a transfer tooth 322 associated with the next higher order numeral wheel. In the succeeding rotation of the actuator 300, the transfer tooth 322 will engage one of the cam surfaces 407 depending upon the direction of rotation thereof, and be cammed to the left into engagement with the intermediate gear 402 of the next higher order numeral Wheel, advancing the same one unit, which in turn through the gear 403 secured to the numeral wheel 401 of the next higher order, will advance the same one unit. Immediately following the action of the cam 407 on the transfer tooth 322, restoring cam 323 engages the transfer lever 425 and returns it to inoperative position, thus reconditioning the transfer mechanism for anyr lsucceeding operation thereof. l

Figure 10 shows a diagrammatic development of the actuator and the two series of transfer teeth and restoring cams for the transfer l'evers. The series beginning from the lower right hand corner and running upwardly to the left is operative during positive actuation, while the series beginning in the upper right hand corner and extending downwardly to the left are operative during negative actuation.

An inspection of the figure will show that there are nineteen active transfer teeth, fourteen only of which are operative during the regular cycle of the actuator, the remaining five being operative during the extra cyclic movement thereof. Consequently, it is seen that with the same size pe- ,said control mea-ns being adapted in its normal position to control engagement of said connecting means and latching thereof, and in its; displaced position to control .delatching and disengagement thereof.

2. In a cyclic transmission a clutch comprising driving and driven elements, a control member therefor having limited movement with the driven element thereof, means in operative relation with said member when in one position for moving it to clutch engaging position, and means brought into operative relation with said member as it moves with the driven. element for moving it to clutch disengaging position.

3. In a cyclic transmission a clutch comprising driving and driven elements, a control member therefor having limited movement with the driven element thereof, means in operative relation with said member when in one position for moving it to clutch engaging position, means brought into operative relation with said member as it moves with the driven element for moving it to clutch disengaging position, and means for returning said member to said first kposition upon disengagement of the clutch. A

4. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a control member therefor displaceable with said driven element, means for moving said member to c'ause engagement of said clutch elements, means for latching said elements in engagement, means for engaging said control member' with said driven element as said driven element passes a full cycle position to release said elements, and means for thereafter releasing said latching means after a predetermined movement past said full cycle position.

5. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a control member therefor displaceable with said driven element, means for moving said member to cause engagement of said clutch elements, means for latching said elements in engagement, means for engaging said control member with said driven element as gid driven element passes a full cycle position to release `said elements,

- means for thereafter releasing said latching means for latching said elements in engagement, means for'engaging said control member with said driven element as said driven element passes a full cycle position to release said elements, means for thereafter releasing said latching means after a predetermined movement past said full cycle position, and energy storing means conditioned by said movement past a full cycle position for returning said driven element to said full cycle position after release of said latching means.

7. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a control member therefor displaceable with said driven element, means for moving said member to cause engagement of said clutch elements, means for latching said elements in engagement, meansfor engaging saidcontrol member with said driven element as said driven element passes a full cycle position to release said elements, means for thereafter releasing said latching means after a predetermined movement past said full cycle position, and means for stopping said return of said driven element when said full cycle position is reached.

8. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch compris ing rotatable driving and driven elements and a member rotatable with said driven element and displaceable to connect said elements operatively, a control member for said connecting member displaceable with said driven element, means for moving said control member to displace said connecting member to connect operatively said driving and driven elements, and means for latching said connecting member in displaced position during rotation, said latching means being rotatable with said driven element.

9. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a member movable to a position to connect said elements and rotatable therewith, an element for latching said member in said position and rotatable with said driven element, and a control member displaceable with said driven element to eiect movement of said connecting member todisconnect said element and Ito release said latching element.

10. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a member movable to a position to connect said elements and rotatable therewith, an element for latching said member in said position and rotatable with said driven element, and means for eiecting movement of said member to disconnect said elements and release said latch after said elements have passed a full cycle position.

11. In a cyclic transmission, a clutch comprising rotatable drivingvand driven elements, a member movable to a position to connect said elements and rotatable therewith, an element for latching said member in said position and rotatable with said driven element; and means for effecting movement of said member to disconnect said elements and release said latch after said elements have passed a full cycle position, and to return said driven element to said full cycle position.

HAROLD T. AVERY. 

